HMGB1 Isoforms Kit

HMGB1 Isoforms Kit

HMGB1 Isoforms Kit is an explorative kit thought to test different redox isoforms of HMGB1.
The kit contains 3 different isoforms of HMGB1:

• Fully reduced HMGB1
• Disulfide HMGB1
• Terminally oxidized HMGB1

Different activities of HMGB1 have been attributed to different biochemical forms that bind to specific receptors (Yang et al.,2012).

• Fully reduced HMGB1 has all the three cysteines completely reduced and is a potent chemoattractanct for many cell types by forming a heterocomplex with the chemokine CXCL12 and signaling via CXCR4 (rif PMCID: PMC3302219 ).
• Disulfide HMGB1 contains a disulfide bond between cysteines C23 and C45 and acts as a proinflammatory mediator by binding to TLR4 and RAGE receptors (Yang et al, 2012; Tirone et al, 2018).
• Terminally oxidized HMGB1 has all the cysteines oxidized to sulfonates and has no activity, either as a chemoattractant or in cytokine stimulation (Kazama et al,2008;Yang et al, 2012).It can be useful as negative control in your experiment.

The proteins we provide are the natural proteins, with no tags or additional amino acids.

HMGB1 has the sequence:

[“MGKGDPKKPR GKMSSYAFFV QTCREEHKKK HPDASVNFSE FSKKCSERWK TMSAKEKGKF EDMAKADKAR YEREMKTYIP PKGETKKKFK DPNAPKRPPS AFFLFCSEYR PKIKGEHPGL SIGDVAKKLG EMWNNTAADD KQPYEKKAAK LKEKYEKDIA AYRAKGKPDA AKKGVVKAEK SKKKKEEEDD EEDEEDEEEE EEEEDEDEEE DDDDE” ]

Molecular Mass: HMGB1 consists of 215 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kDa. It migrates at a position of approximately 30 kD in SDS-PAGE gels, possibly because of the unusual number of positively charged amino acids it contains.
Structure: HMGB1 consists of two fairly rigid, L-shaped DNA-binding domains, each referred to as a ‘HMG box’, and an unstructured tail that ends with 30 consecutive negatively charged amino acids.
Species specificity: the sequence and structure of HMGB1 have been strictly conserved during evolution, and HMGB1 proteins from all mammals are almost identical (Sessa L, Bianchi ME. The evolution of High Mobility Group Box (HMGB) chromatin proteins in multicellular animals. Gene 2007, 387:133-40).
Purity: The purified protein is >95% homogeneous (electrophoresis). It contains no nucleic acids.
Endotoxin Level: The purified protein is free from LPS (Pierce™ Chromogenic Endotoxin Quant Kit, <0.1 EU/mL). The product contains <0.006% v/v of Triton X-114 due to LPS removal procedure. The remaining traces of Triton X-114 can be removed upon request.
Buffer & Reconstitution: the lyophilized proteins once reconstituted with distilled water will be dissolved in a solution containing 50 mM HEPES pH 7.9, 500 mM NaCl.

Storage: 2-8°C. Once the proteins are resuspended they can be stored frozen (-20°C).

This product is intended for research only, and cannot be used on humans.

Publications:

• An 8-Hydroxy-Quinoline Derivative Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lethality in Endotoxemia by Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Caspase-11 Signaling
• Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Canine Platelets Upregulate High Mobility Group Box-1 via Toll-Like Receptor 4
• A RAGE-antagonist peptide potentiates polymeric micelle-mediated intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA for acute lung injury gene therapy
• The Time-Course of Antioxidant Irisin Activity: Role of the Nrf2/HO-1/HMGB1 Axis
• Lipopolysaccharide-regulated secretion of soluble and vesicle-based proteins from a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines
• High-mobility group box protein-1 induces acute pancreatitis through activation of neutrophil extracellular trap and subsequent production of IL-1β
• Increased cell-free fetal DNA release after apoptosis and sterile inflammation in human trophoblast cells
• Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with the Hepatitis B Core Virus-like Particles (HBc VLPs) to Prime Anticancer Immunity for Colorectal Cancer Treatment
• The protective mechanism of salidroside modulating miR-199a-5p/TNFAIP8L2 on lipopolysaccharide-induced MLE-12 cells
• Inhibition of inflammatory liver injury by the HMGB1-A box through HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-κB signaling in an acute liver failure mouse model
• Association of High Mobility Group Box-Protein 1 and Platelet Microparticles in Patients After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
• HMGB1 Release Induced by EV71 Infection Exacerbates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via VE-cadherin Phosphorylation
• [Altered expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps]
• HMGB1 induces hepcidin upregulation in astrocytes and causes an acute iron surge and subsequent ferroptosis in the postischemic brain
• HMGB1-activated tumor-associated macrophages promote migration and invasion via NF-κB/IL-6 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma
• The Expression of High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMG1) in the Peripheral Blood and Its Relation with Systemic Vasculitis Patients
• The translational potential of miR-26 in atherosclerosis and development of agents for its target genes ACC1/2, COL1A1, CPT1A, FBP1, DGAT2, and SMAD7
• HMGB1 cleavage by complement C1s and its potent anti-inflammatory product
• HMGB1 Promotes the Release of Sonic Hedgehog From Astrocytes
• The Pyroptosis-Related Signature Predicts Diagnosis and Indicates Immune Characteristic in Major Depressive Disorder
• Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals That HMGB1 Induces Macrophage Polarization Different from Classical M1
• The C-Terminal Acidic Tail Modulates the Anticancer Properties of HMGB1
• The Remarkable Roles of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Soluble Isoforms in COVID-19: The Importance of RAGE Pathway in the Lung Injuries
• Biological Effects of New Titanium Surface Coatings Based on Ionic Liquids and HMGB1: A Cellular and Molecular Characterization in Lewis Rats
• Revolutionizing fracture fixation in diabetic and non-diabetic rats: High mobility group box 1-based coating for enhanced osseointegration
• Redox-sensitive high-mobility group box-1 isoforms contribute to liver fibrosis progression and resolution in mice
• The Anti-inflammatory Effects of HMGB1 Blockades in a Mouse Model of Cutaneous Vasculitis
• Oxidation of HMGB1 Is a Dynamically Regulated Process in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
• Nonoxid-HMGB1 Attenuates Cognitive Impairment After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
• The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Ischemic Stroke
• High mobility group A proteins as tumor markers
• High Mobility Group Proteins in Sepsis
• The Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cerebral Ischemic Injury
• MiR-2113 overexpression attenuates sepsis-induced acute pulmonary dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis by inhibition of HMGB1
• Transposon dynamics in the emerging oilseed crop Thlaspi arvense
• Comparative analyses of the Smith-Magenis syndrome protein RAI1 in mice and common marmoset monkeys
• Intestinal epithelia and myeloid immune cells shape colitis severity and colorectal carcinogenesis via High-mobility group box protein 1
• Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces High Mobility Group Box 1 Released from Mouse Macrophages
• Impact of folic acid supplementation on ischemia‒reperfusion-induced kidney injury in rats: folic acid prophylactic role revisited
• Co-existence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and anti-sry-like high-mobility group box receptor antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis: A rare case report
• High Mobility Group Box 1 Gene Polymorphism and Serum High Mobility Group Box 1, Interleukin 1 Beta, and Alpha-Klotho Crosstalk in Severe COVID-19 Patients
• HO-1 attenuates testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury by activating the phosphorylated C-jun-miR-221/222-TOX pathway
• MicroRNA-146a gene transfer ameliorates senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes in tendinopathic tenocytes
• Therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on traumatic brain injury
• ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIGH MOBILITY GROUP BOX 1 PROTEIN GENE (rs41369348) POLYMORPHISM AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN A VASCULITIS IN CHILDREN

HMGB1 Isoforms Kit – Test size Datasheet

Complete Name: High Mobility Group 1 Isoform kit
Other Names: Amphoterin-1, High mobility group protein 1,HMG-1, SBP-1, high mobility group protein B1, high-mobility group box 1, Amphoterin, HMG1, HMGB1, SBP-1, recombinant HMGB1, kit HMGB1